Mongolia has four seasons throughout the year. It's cold from -30 to -40 degrees in winter, hot from +30 to +40 degrees in summer, and -15 to +20 degrees in spring and autumn, with unstable weather conditions. Let me explain how this affects the efficient operation of solar power generators. The steeper the angle at which solar radiation hits, the greater the intensity of solar radiation per unit area of the earth's surface. Solar panels are a type of semiconductor that converts light energy into electrical energy based on the photoelectric effect. When there is no light, it works like a regular diode, and as light intensity increases, it starts producing electrical energy.

The short-circuit current (ISC) at the top of the solar panel specification occurs when short-circuiting the solar screen output and is the maximum value it can transmit, i.e., Isc=Imax. Since resistance is very low, voltage becomes 0. Open-circuit voltage (VOC) is the maximum possible voltage value of the solar panel, i.e., Voc=Vmax. Since resistance is infinite, current becomes 0. The maximum power (Pmax) of the solar panel is determined by the product of short-circuit current (ISC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC).

Here, resistance in our understanding is solar radiation intensity. High solar radiation intensity means high outdoor temperature. Therefore, excessive heat increases resistance, thereby increasing voltage value and decreasing current. Conversely, excessive cold decreases resistance, increasing current and decreasing voltage. Since power is directly related to current and voltage, it decreases.

Therefore, solar power generators cannot operate at maximum capacity in winter or summer, but work best at maximum capacity in autumn and spring. It's a misconception that they work well when the sun shines brightly.